
While diabetes is not commonly associated with skin issues, it is a significant and potentially serious concern affecting both type 1 and type 2 patients at some point.
The good news is that many skin problems can be managed and even prevented through proper self-care.
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Effects on the Skin and Feet
High glucose levels in the body can lead to reduced moisture in the skin as fluids are flushed out. Over time, individuals who struggle to manage their diabetes may experience the narrowing and clogging of tiny blood vessels near the skin’s surface, exacerbating the problem. This can result in dry, itchy skin that may crack, leading to complications like infections and slow-healing sores. In severe cases, gangrene becomes a danger, which can ultimately lead to amputation.
Diabetes patients are particularly susceptible to foot-related complications, such as corns, calluses, ingrown toenails, and foot ulcers. Regular foot screenings by a doctor and daily personal monitoring of the skin and toenails can reduce the risk of amputation by over 50 percent, as suggested by the National Diabetes Education Program.
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The key to maintaining healthy skin lies in good diabetes self-management. This includes adopting a balanced diet, exercising regularly, monitoring blood sugar levels, and following medication instructions. These practices collectively improve circulation in the body, which is crucial for keeping the skin adequately hydrated from within.
Considerations for Bathing
Maintaining good hygiene is critical to minimizing the risk of infection, especially for individuals with type 1 diabetes who may have compromised immune systems.
It is advisable to cleanse the skin daily using antibacterial but gentle soaps like Dial, Safeguard, or products specifically designed for sensitive skin.
A relaxing bath has been shown to decrease blood sugar levels, according to a study by Dr. Philip Hooper. However, it is essential to inspect the skin and feet for any cuts or abrasions that could allow bacteria to cause infection. In the case of openings in the skin, applying antibacterial ointment and promptly seeking medical attention if they do not heal properly is crucial.
Avoid excessively hot water as it can dry out the skin and potentially cause burns, especially in patients with neuropathy. Due to potential numbness in the extremities, accurately gauging water temperature may be challenging, so using a thermometer to ensure bath water does not exceed 104 degrees is recommended.
After cleansing, it is essential to dry the skin, particularly between the toes, thoroughly. Finally, applying a moisturizer daily helps prevent skin dryness.
Choosing the Right Moisturizer
Experts agree that the specific type of moisturizer is less important than consistent application. Some doctors even suggest rubbing petroleum jelly or olive oil into the feet and covering them with clean socks overnight.
Moisturizing should be done frequently. Selecting a product that does not irritate the skin is crucial.
Generally, it is advisable to avoid products containing fragrance, menthol, camphor, and high concentrations of alcohol. Additionally, lotions or creams containing phthalate should never be used as they may increase the risk of insulin resistance.
Moisturizers marketed for diabetic use are often hypoallergenic and fragrance-free. Numerous such products are available over the counter. Regardless of the chosen moisturizer, it should never be applied between the toes, as keeping this area dry is vital to prevent the risk of fungal infections.
Preventing Fungal Infections
To prevent fungal infections in areas where the skin comes into contact with other skin, several over-the-counter remedies like Zeasorb powder and Sarna lotion can be used under the breasts, in the groin area, or under skin folds for treating fungus.
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